ecological situation in the Odintsovo:
«undesirable deterioration, improving problematic»
Option 2: Odintsovo - environmental policy or political ecology
Program Ecopolis "about which ordinary citizens are already safely forgotten, seemingly coming to an end. What's next? Will I continue to work in a direction which can be roughly described as "eco-city"? We decided to analyze changes in environmental conditions in the area over the last "five years". Especially the theme of ecology, which was staged at the forefront at the stage of development the concept of "Ecopolis Odintsovo, especially up to date on the situation of global pollution BP Gulf of Mexico. On local level, as it turned out, the problems are different. They will be announced in the official report of the Chairman of the Committee for Nature Protection Olga Voloshinoy June 30.
«Today 1.1 billion people lack access to potable water, 2.6 billion live in unsanitary conditions, more than 800 million 1.02 billion illiterate and hungry, that's a global scenario. And now the reason, what is the reason for this ?????»
From a speech of Hugo Chavez to Copenhagen
In Russia, environmental attitudes in two ways - we want to be in concert with the West in the "advancement" of technology that would allow lower emissions. It is time. We do not have to do any capacity nor adequate infrastructure and qualified professionals (and on this indicator still belong to the developing countries). This two. Finally, in my opinion, we still can not at the state level to reallocate powers - so suddenly it becomes known that when engaging in illegal construction in protected areas, we understand this issue is not Rosprirodnadzor, and local authorities (who are themselves often take the same disastrous for the nature of the decision). And when you come to the local authorities, it appears that many questions remain in their jurisdiction because federal law 131 « On general principles of local self-government in the Russian Federation restricts their powers. In general, there remain only the eternal Russian question - who is to blame and what to do?
legality of the actions of municipalities, as stated by the head of Rosprirodnadzor Vladimir Kirillov, in February, in one report, in cases where there are doubts about the legality disposal of land and other resources investigates prosecutors. She later becomes Rosprirodnadzor requested to conduct an unscheduled inspection. total, as noted Kirillov, Rosprirodnadzor in 2009 spent 10,262 10,179 planned inspections and unscheduled. And again, there is a Ministry of Natural Resources with their powers!
Data on Russia: "Over the past year clearly increased the number of fines for enterprises, more than half of the 5000 court cases won Rosprirodnadzor with offenders. Emissions decreased by 25% (ie 5.4 million tonnes) and discharges - 12%. Under the control of individual polluters - for example, Ltd. Arkhangelsk pulp and paper mill. " RZD, compensating for his "antiprirodnuyu" activities, trees landed in Sochi. There violations in the area of construction of Olympic facilities - for him and does operate dozens of working groups and committees. most "hot spots" that is, the environmental "risk group" declared shelf seas, the pipeline "Nord Stream and South Stream." According to Alexander Malyshevskoe, Chairman of the Public Council of the Rosprirodnadzor, today we may well enter the insurance risks to hold dostroitelnye examination, to sign agreement with the Audit Chamber, and organize an independent audit. There is also a Supreme Council for Local Government, with which federal agencies are already came to the relationship. But it seems that the feedback is not received.
in our country has accumulated to 90 billion cubic meters of solid waste. Where do they recycle? At the local level, perhaps no one will answer. If you look broadly - on a global scale, there may be a result bring a memorandum signed Rosprirodnadzor UNIDO, the environmental wing of the UN. However, many are looking at this union is skeptical. Like, again, we are buying foreign technologies and adapt them by Russia. Although we can say that "Russia's joining the international standards" will force government and business to make appropriate efforts to areas such as energy efficiency, for example.
theme of ecology in Odintsovo itself jaded. With the advent in 2004 of the concept Ecopolis in the area began to pay attention to this area - especially in the key investment and environmental education for schoolchildren. I remember how we Being high school students, managers, went on voluntary work - to collect the leaves around the administration building, and some even dressed up fawn Olezhka and hedgehog Lizonkoy. In general, fun to fame, planted trees, flowers, landscaped area. Of course, not all the ambitious plans of the Head and activists participated in the conception, come true. But all of them were described in detail in volume book titled "Nature Odintsovo Region ", released in 2004. In compiling the book, rich and illustrative statistical material, brought together scientists, environmentalists, members of the Zvenigorod Biological Station. S. N. Skadovsk, NGOs environmental focus (eg, the center of "Tourist"), operating in the area as well as representatives of the administration on behalf of the Chairman of the Committee for Nature Protection Olga Voloshin. It is very detailed discussion about the flora and fauna of the Odintsovo area, soils, rivers, protected areas, farmsteads, which stayed and lived well-known cultural figures - Griboyedov, Pushkin, Chekhov, Brousov, Tchaikovsky ... A separate section was devoted to business and economy of the region, which stated that special competitions will be organized for companies that reduce emissions в атмосферу и строящих свой бизнес на основе энергоэффективности. Особое внимание решили уделить и качеству жизни в районе, однако, к слову, социологическое The study was conducted in bad faith - as a free labor force have attracted students who, naturally, does not distribute questionnaires among respondents, and filled their own home (like me honest Excellent pieces 20 then distributed to friends of parents, the remaining 30 completed the entire family.) It is therefore not surprising that the results of this study did not reflect the status quo. Fortunately, today biodiversity research in the area and environmental monitoring trusted by professionals - employees of chemical and biological faculties.
Thus, data on biodiversity, obtained by experience in the study of nature Zvenigorodsky forest biological faculty of Moscow State University students, scientists decided to extrapolate the entire area. Although it is not the best by today's standards, conditions, students honestly practiced at the station his summer internship, so no "Slack" in the collection of unique instances Odintsovo flora and fauna was not. A graduate of biological faculty of Moscow State University, graduate student IBG Sciences Ksenia Kulikova, has been in the last times at the station just in 2004, shares his impressions: "Well, where would I even learned to distinguish between plants, fish, identify the voice of birds? That is, it almost unique opportunity to get to know the nature around us, plus the entire, quite competent teaching staff, who can be interested in. listeners. difficult to estimate the station as a scientific basis - what about it specifically tell? Infrastructure was at the moment is not very good, old microscopes it's pretty dilapidated, but they say after the fire a number of buildings had been rebuilt. The fact that it was a so-called "field practice", which implies deprivation and some modest arsenal of equipment. According to these ideas, it was all good. Educational buildings close to residential was a dining room, shower worked rare, many lessons in nature: we go to collect the plants, watch the animals. But it was quite inconvenient to handle the results of practical work: because there were no computers, we used the old PC to one of the teachers of ". This year, the station will be 100 years, but nothing special no change on the part of the technological equipment of the research base (computers, however, still appeared). To my question "And how you got there?" Director biostation Valery Gavrilov first said that just recently dropped in regular flow of students and then shared his feelings: « situation, of course, changed and continues to change, but, unfortunately, slower than I would. " Indeed, it was built several new buildings, but since us in the best tradition of science is not accepted to fund the majority of serious research carried out in grants to Western funds.
With all this, According to Olga Voloshin, compared with other areas of Moscow region, our - one of the cleanest and most comfortable. " Although many citizens and not see this as a special service administration. As a joke a friend of mine suggested: all this is because the wind is blowing from the west. But, in fact, if a start from existing data, air pollution such a level as in Lytkarino example, Odintsovo not threatened, if only because we do not have such a large number industry and general businesses with noxious emissions. Those that have, have long been "out of the shadows" and, according to Olga Voloshinoy, "working within the law and sanitary standards. "
With regard to enterprises from the "black list", the most "demonstrative» began closing in the early 2000's he. storage of pesticides Golitsyn poultry and MAP "Spetsavtohozyaystvo. Since then, the same "high-profile cases in the area was not. "Ecological catastrophe" in the eighth district (which, by their scale "disaster" can not be called) can be gradually eliminated (to prevent the failed notes Olga Voloshin, due to problems with livnevkoy).
We ourselves "Local»
agree with me as activists "Local" Stanislav Byshok and Ratmir Abashev for Odintsovo district, today more urgent problem of land use. Movement now resumed its activity in the area: Ratmir Abashev already started to meet with young people in colleges and schools to show educational films on environmental issues, to talk about how we can work together to protect nature from human impacts. In June, the "Local" planted lime avenue close to the OIG, as well as wanted to have the action "Clean Coast", but then for some reason decided to move it to Sergiev Posad. Nevertheless, the ecology "movement of young political ecologists "has direct relevance to policy. According to activists, these two areas (environment and policy) have much in common in terms that require participants in the process, "pronounced citizenship. It is difficult not to agree. But personally I was not clear why in the Odintsovo district activists decided to focus on purely educational and outreach activities. In Stanislaus quickly found the answer: in the analytical report of the Ministry Ecology and Natural Resources of the Moscow region in 2009 (which reflects the results of 2008) Odintsovo not even mentioned - pretty clean. Experience with young people at the "local" is, and the purpose of the organization itself - to enrich knowledge about the ecology it is young. Last autumn, "Local" was carried out in the Dmitrov area "Harvest 2009" - the labor camp for underprivileged children - where they gathered a carrot, received a salary, lectures, and in the evenings communicated and the rest among his peers. It was then that activists and realized that as prizes and gifts alone, t-shirts or notebook with the symbols of the organization is insufficient. So they decided to hold future ecological excursions - for example, "meeting with the living moose." Elk, appears to be "specially trained" human language and gracious enough to "establish a painless contact with the child." Such say a lot not only to moose island. According to Olga Voloshinoy elk and wild boar carried out "transit" through the Odintsovo forest. And the main task of ecologists today - is the preservation of free migration wildlife.
However, it is obvious that there is a theory (monitoring, statistics, etc.) and have a practice - Today, not only in Odintsovo, but also throughout the country, ecology and environmental management still hangs burden on the shoulders of public organizations such as Green Cross, the Wildlife Fund and local (mostly children and youth) associations. "Leapfrog" with the powers of local and federal authorities to lead to all new Rechnik and land use are more concerned with power in a key development that is not even the development of agriculture. At the time of launch Ecopolis In 2004, the area ranked first on the development of agriculture in the region. And more than 20 years ago (in 1986) in the area, there were 42,328 hectares of agricultural land purpose (of which only 3,925 ha, ie 9.27% occupied homestead land and buildings). What has changed today, what priorities in land use and environmental activities facing the area?
«I would characterize the situation in the region is stable. Because the deterioration is not desirable, and improvement is problematic, - Continues Olga Voloshin. At my puzzled look she comments: The main threats today - is to increase motor vehicles, increase in the density population, low ecological culture people musoryaschih along the roads. According to a report being prepared, the maximum relative density of the population and the highest rate of demographic effects observed in urban single and District (2090 persons / km 2 and 1900 persons / km 2 ). Thus, in one only Odintsov year produced 3,000 tons of waste in the District - 2850. "And what about soil? - I'm interested in - gardeners can grow at their roadside green areas and safely eat it? ". As it turns out, within a radius of 20 meters from the main roads area - Minsk and Mozhaiskogo highway - better to not risk and do not grow greens. "Removing up to 50 meters from the road already reduces the degree of soil contamination in 4 times, removing at 125 meters - 7 times, and air pollution by 70%", - says The report Olga Voloshin. By the way, can reduce air pollution and "green ring" of the trees - so, research on near the village Razdory Rublevo Assumption highway showed that the forest stretching for 3 km, separating the village from the road, can reduce the contamination of soils at six times, air twice (that's why the district forest parks are held compensatory planting of trees). To my objection that, unfortunately, colossal buildings Rublyovo-Uspensky highway has long been "freed" people from the abundance of forests, head of the Committee stressed that, in Overall, the ecological situation on the ruble does not differ from the general situation in the district and building does not infringe, so that no ecological balance; any applicable laws. Well, apparently, to sacrifice the future (environmental) in the name of this (money), it is not the first time. In part, this also proves The situation with waste disposal - it turns out that such issues are resolved at the level of "more local" - that is, urban settlements, and there forever - there is no time some money on containers, it will. Themselves to human volunteers in cleaning up debris little hope. Fortunately, there are at least non-governmental organizations are ready to spend one-off "cleaning."
Summing up: and again Ecopolis. According to Irina Kotova, who oversees the administration "Odintsovo Ecopolis" this very concept is still not gone anywhere - just people no longer remember her under this name. Anyway, the "old" Ecopolis preserved his children's version of the annual competitions and conducting ecological holidays like Earth Day. But as they say administration officials, all actions Municipal authorities are subject to this concept and should fit in with her. In other words, in my opinion, all this hype with the original design concept "Ecopolis" was simply a traditional political action, are commonly used any newcomers authorities interested in the development of the region. And this concept made the original name, although it might well be called "strategy of development of the region" and does not differ from the strategies of other territories. Admittedly, however, that the concept of achievement has been the allocation in the Odintsovo district of 15 protected areas of local importance, which is now prohibited any development - and these areas represent 12% of total land area.
Anna Leonova
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